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Chital
The chital or cheetal (''Axis axis''), also known as chital deer, spotted deer or axis deer, is a deer which commonly inhabits wooded regions of India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and in small numbers in Pakistan. The chital goes by various names in India, among which include: ''chital horin'' in Bengali, ''thith muwa'' in Sinhalese, ''jinke'' in Kannada, ''pulli maan'' in Tamil and Malayalam, ''jinka'' in Telugu, ''phutuki horin'' in Assamese, ''haran/harin'' in Marathi, and ''hiran'' in Hindi/Urdu (the latter two derived from ''harina'', the Sanskrit cognate for 'deer'). It is the most common deer species in Indian forests. The name chital comes from the Bengali word ''chitral'' (চিত্রল)/''chitra'' (চিত্রা), which means "spotted" in Bengali (from the Sanskrit "chitra", "variegated" or "spotted").
The chital is monotypic within the genus ''Axis'', but this genus has also included three species that now are placed in ''Hyelaphus'' based on genetic evidence.
==Description==
The chital's coat is pinkish fawn, marked with white spots, and its underparts are also white. Its antlers, which it sheds annually, are usually three-pronged and curve in a lyre shape and may extend to 75 cm (2.5 ft). Compared to the hog deer, its close relative, the chital has a more cursorial build. It also has a more advanced morphology with antler pedicles being proportionally short and its auditory bullae being smaller. It also has large nares. The male chital averages about tall at the shoulder, with a total length of , including a . Males, at a typical weight of , are somewhat larger than females, at .〔(Axis Deer (Cervus axis) ). Nsrl.ttu.edu. Retrieved on 2012-08-23.〕 Exceptionally large males can weigh up to .〔(Preliminary study of the behavior and ecology of axis deer on Maui, Hawaii ). Hear.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-23.〕 Their lifespans are around 8–14 years.
Chital have well-developed preorbital glands which have hairs that are like stiff little branches.〔 They also have well-developed metatarsal glands and pedal glands on their hind legs. Males have larger preorbital glands than females and are opened very often in response to certain stimuli.〔Groves, C. P. and P. Grubb (1987). "Relationships of living deer". pp. 21–59 in ''Biology and management of the Cervidae: a conference held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Front Royal, Virginia, 1–5 August 1982''. Smithsonian Institution Press ISBN 0874749808.〕〔Müller-Schwarze, D (1987). "Evolution of cervid olfactory communication". pp. 223–234, in ''Biology and management of the Cervidae: a conference held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Front Royal, Virginia, 1–5 August 1982''. Smithsonian Institution Press ISBN 0874749808.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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